The design is judged to be optimal in the areas of performance, safety, and manufacturability, while comparing favorably in cost and reliability to earlier designs. The safety, environmental, and legal aspects of siting 100-mWh zinc-chlorine battery plants at substations in residential areas were also analyzed.
#Spons electrical estimating software plus#
The installed cost of the 100-MWh battery plant was estimated to be $26/kWh plus $91/kW (1977 $). A conceptual manufacturing plan for a production rate of 100 battery modules per day was prepared. The battery plant comprises thirty-six independent strings more » - each string consisting of 44 series-connected 66-kWh battery modules. A conceptual design of a 100-MWh battery plant is based on the concept of fully integrated zinc-chlorine hydrate battery modules. Development programs on electrode research, electrolyte optimization, cell design, battery-performance verification, and low-cost materials and processes were conducted. The principal thrusts of the present program were: preparation and analysis of a new 100-MWh plant design and design, fabrication, and initial testing of a 45-kWh battery module - the basic unit of the new 100-MWh plant design. The zinc-chlorine battery system is presently under development as a peak-shaving energy-storage device for the electric-utility industry. Therefore, the composite database was judged to be a reasonable proxy for estimating national average costs.
Working within this limitation, the FERC data were not found to differ significantly from the composite database. The comparison was hampered because the only design specifications included with the FERC data were voltage level and line length. Cost estimates prepared from the composite database were compared to cost data collected by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) for investor-owned utilities from across the United States. This can usually be explained by variation in the design factors noted above and variation in environmental and land (right-of-way) costs, which are extremely site-specific. Reported transmission line costs vary significantly, even for a given voltage level. The composite database covers voltage levels from 13.8 to 765 W, with cost estimates for a given voltage level varying depending on conductor size, tower material type, tower frame type, and number of circuits. The BPA and WAPA data were adjusted to a common basis and combined together. An extensive search of potential data sources identified databases maintained more » by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and the Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) as superior sources of transmission line cost data. The objective of this study was to develop a database for preparing preliminary estimates of transmission line costs. In response to this uncertainty, an investigation of transmission line capital cost data was initiated. Previous benefits assessments conducted within OEM have been based on significantly different assumptions for the average cost per mile of AC transmission line. Department of Energy`s Office of Energy Management (OEM). The displacement or deferral of conventional AC transmission line installation is a key benefit associated with several technologies being developed with the support of the U.S. Thus, the model was judged to be adequate for making preliminary estimates of typical substation costs for US utilities. In general, more » good agreement (for conceptual level estimating) was found between estimates prepared with the cost-estimating model and those prepared by the individual utilities. Estimates prepared with the model were compared with estimated and actual costs for the data sets received from the other utilities. The model is principally based on data provided by one of these sources. The model was developed by collecting and evaluating approximately 20 sets of substation design and cost data from about 10 US sources, including federal power marketing agencies and private and public electric utilities. More detailed cost-estimating approaches are recommended when more detailed design information is available. This cost-estimating model requires only minimal inputs. The model is intended to be used by energy systems analysts who need ``ballpark`` substation cost estimates to help establish the value of advanced utility technologies that result in the deferral or displacement of substation equipment. The objective of this study was to develop a model for preparing preliminary estimates of substation capital costs based on rudimentary conceptual design information.
This could occur, for example, as a result of installing a distributed generating resource within an electricity distribution system. The displacement or deferral of substation equipment is a key benefit associated with several technologies that are being developed with the support of the US Department of Energy`s Office of Utility Technologies.
0 kommentar(er)
